加拿利海枣种子的贮藏特性

Seed Storage Behavior of Canary Date Palm

中文关键词: 脱水耐性  贮藏特性  正常性种子

英文关键词: desiccation-sensitivity  storage behavior  orthodox seed

中文摘要:

      目的 针对加拿利海枣种子成熟时具有含水量高，采摘后贮藏不当极易发生霉变等问题，探究加拿利海枣种子的脱水耐性、低温敏感性和贮藏特性。方法 将新鲜成熟的果实在硅胶中干燥，测定加拿利海枣种子的含水量随时间的变化情况，以及不同含水量种子的萌发率。将新鲜种子在4、15 ℃下贮藏1、3、6个月，记录在贮藏过程中种子和种胚的形态变化情况，测定贮藏温度对种子的萌发率和活力的影响情况。结果 当含水量从成熟脱落期的53.79%降至8.0%时，种子的萌发率由76.0%增至92.9%。在贮藏期间，种胚在2种温度下均未生长。在贮藏6个月后，种子的萌发率显著下降，在4 ℃下贮藏时种子易发霉, 但在4 ℃下贮藏后种子的萌发率显著高于在15 ℃下贮藏后种子的萌发率。结论 加拿利海枣种子具有低温耐性和强脱水耐性，为正常性种子。新鲜种子在采后通过干燥和低温保存的方法可以有效保持种子的活力，延长其贮藏期。

英文摘要:

      The paper aims to understand the storage characteristics of seeds, which is essential for the development of germplasm conservation strategies. To address the problems of high moisture content of Phoenix canariensis seeds at maturity and their susceptibility to mold after harvesting, freshly dispersed diaspores were dried in silica gel to different moisture contents and stored at 4 ℃ and 15 ℃ for 1, 3 and 6 months, and the germination of seeds under drying and storage at different temperatures were determined to determine the desiccation tolerance and storage behavior of seeds. The results showed that the seed germination percentage increased from 76.0% to 92.9% when the moisture content was reduced from 53.79% to 8.0% at the time of natural dispersal. Seed embryos did not show growth during storage at either temperature. The seed germination percentage decreased significantly after 6 months of storage and seeds were susceptible to mold when stored at 4 ℃. The seeds were tolerant of low temperatures and seed survival was significantly higher after short-term storage at 4 ℃ than at 15 ℃, i.e. P. canariensis seeds were orthodox.