降解包膜缓释化肥的制备及性能研究

Preparation and Properties of Degradable Embedding Sustained Release Fertilizer

中文关键词: 缓释肥  可降解  包膜  分子筛  尿素

英文关键词: sustained release fertilizer  biodegradable  embedding  molecular sieve  urea

中文摘要:

      目的 促进化肥减量增效及发展绿色农业。方法 采用全生物降解材料聚碳酸亚丙酯(PPC)、聚己二酸/对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBAT)作为包膜材料，以SBA–15分子筛负载尿素颗粒为芯材，制备缓释肥料。通过对复合膜的力学性能、润湿性、透气透湿性、吸水性进行测定，以及采用水溶出法和土壤溶出法评价尿素的氮累积释放率，对包膜肥料进行综合评定。结果 实验表明，复合包膜具有良好的力学性能、保水性、透气性、耐雨冲刷等，可赋予包膜极佳的耐冲击和储水性能。另外，第28天该包膜缓释化肥在水溶出实验和土壤溶出实验得出，尿素的氮含量累积释放率分别为61.5%和55.5%，满足≤80%的国家标准。结论 所制备的可降解塑料包膜缓释化肥具有缓慢释放、成本低廉、环境友好等特点，在缓释肥料的工业化应用方面具有巨大潜力。

英文摘要:

      The work aims to reduce the amount and increase the efficiency of chemical fertilizers and develop green agriculture. A novel kind of sustained release fertilizer was developed with biodegradable materials polypropylene carbonate (PPC) and poly (butyleneadipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) as coating materials and with urea particles loaded with SBA-15 molecular sieve as the core material. The mechanical properties, wettability, moisture and air permeability, and water absorption of the composite film were determined and the cumulative nitrogen release rate of urea was evaluated by water dissolution and soil dissolution to evaluate the embedding fertilizer comprehensively. The experimental results showed that the composite film had good mechanical properties, water retention, air permeability and rain erosion resistance, which could make the film have excellent impact resistance and water storage properties. Moreover, the cumulative nitrogen release rate on day 28 in the water dissolution experiment and the soil dissolution experiment was 61.5% and 55.5%, respectively, which satisfied with the national standard of ≤80%. In conclusion, the prepared degradable embedding sustained release fertilizer has excellent controlled release performance, low cost and environmental-friendly features. It has great potential in industrial application of sustained release fertilizers.