人机交互中认知负荷的成因分析与设计策略研究

Cause Analysis and Design Strategies of Cognitive Load in Human-computer Interaction

关键词:  交互设计  认知负荷  优化策略

Key words:  interactive design  cognitive load  optimization strategy

摘要:

目的 研究人机交互过程中认知负荷的生成机制和成因类型，并探索优化调节认知负荷的交互设计策略。方法 首先研究了交互设计中认知负荷的生成机制，剖析了认知负荷、可用性和用户体验三者的内在联系；其次探讨了用户在操作过程中认知负荷的三种成因类型，并针对不同成因类型的认知负荷提出了优化调节目标及相应的设计策略；最后对一款APP进行了分析与改进设计。结论 用户在操作过程中，会产生三种不同成因的认知负荷，其中，内、外在认知负荷对认知有阻碍作用，相关认知负荷对认知有促进作用。在进行交互设计时，通过降低交互信息的内在复杂性和交互性，提高用户认知图式的匹配程度，可以降低内在认知负荷，优化交互信息的组织和呈现方式可以降低外在认知负荷，明确的反馈机制可以提升相关认知负荷。对交互过程中的认知负荷进行分析和改进，有助于提升产品的可用性和用户体验。

Abstract:

The work aims to study the generation mechanism and cause types of cognitive load in the process of hu-man-computer interaction, and explore the interactive design strategies to optimize and adjust the cognitive load. Firstly, the generation mechanism of cognitive load in interactive design was studied, and the internal relationship among cognitive load, usability and user experience was analyzed. Secondly, the three causes of cognitive load in the process of operation conducted by the users were explored. Optimal adjustment goals and corresponding design strategies were proposed in view of cognitive load of different cause types. Finally, an APP was analyzed and its design was improved. During the operation by the user, there will be three kinds of cognitive load of different causes. Among them, the internal and external cognitive load will hinder the cognition, while the related cognitive load will promote the cognition. For interactive design, the internal cognitive load can be reduced by lowering the inherent complexity and interactivity of interactive information and improving the degree of matching of user’s cognitive schemas. The optimization of the organization and presentation of interactive information can reduce the external cognitive load. A clear feedback mechanism can increase the relevant cognitive load. Analysis and improvement of the cognitive load in the interaction process will help improve the usability and user experience of the product.