婴幼儿身心发展特点在益智玩具设计中的应用

The Application of Infants’ Physiological and Psychological Development Characteristics in the Design of Educational Toys

中文关键词: 婴幼儿生理  婴幼儿心理  玩具设计  玩具选择

英文关键词: infant physiology  infant psychology  toy design  toy selection

中文摘要:

      目的 自我国“全面二孩”政策实施以来，国内出现了新的“婴儿潮”，婴幼儿用品的需求激增，特别是玩具市场潜力巨大。玩具随着人类社会的发展而不断变化，不仅见证着文化、科技的发展，也反映着婴幼儿每一阶段的发展成长过程。随着人们生活水平的提高，婴幼儿玩具设计越发复杂，设计师需要通过对婴幼儿心理和生理需求的研究及婴幼儿消费行为的探索进行设计。方法 梳理了婴幼儿玩具的发展历程及其意义，理清了婴幼儿玩具设计与心理学的关系结构。结论 将心理学与儿童玩具设计相结合，基于幼儿生理和心理发展规律提出了一些切实可行的设计原则，并在最后提出安全性和亲切性、体验性、创新性、功能性这四点婴幼儿玩具评价原则，供家长为幼儿挑选玩具使用。

英文摘要:

      Since the implementation of China’s “Universal Two-child” policy, there has been a new “baby boom” in China, and the demand for infant supplies has surged, especially the toy market has great potential. As toys continue to change with the development of human society, they not only witness the development of our culture and technology, but also reflect the development and growth process of infants at every stage. With the improvement of people’s living standards, the design of infant toys becomes more and more complicated. Designers need to design through the research on the psychological and physiological needs of infants and the exploration of their consumer behavior. The development process and significance of infant toys were summarized, and the structure of relationship between infant toy design and psychology was clarified. Combining the psychology with the design of children’s toys, some practical design principles are proposed based on the laws of children’s physiological and psychological development, and at the end, four evaluation principles (safety and intimacy, experience, innovation and functionality) of infant toys are proposed for parents to choose toys for young children.