高校课桌椅人体工学尺寸与用户体验研究

Research on Ergonomic Dimension and User Experience of Desks and Chairs in Colleges

中文关键词: 大学生  课桌椅  人体工学  功能需求

英文关键词: college students  desks and chairs  ergonomics  functional requirements

中文摘要:

      目的 通过对照国标与实际测量人体尺寸，提出课桌椅设计的合理标准参数。从用户体验角度分析课桌椅的其他问题，并提出一定的改进建议，以期为高校乃至中小学教室课桌椅的设计和选择提供一定的思路。方法 通过分析在校大学生的身高数据，对比国家标准判断目前在校大学生的身高状况。通过观察法、问卷调查法调研在校大学生课桌椅使用情况，分析相关的功能需求。以太原工业学院现有课桌椅为实例来对照课桌椅设计标准参数。结果 目前课桌椅的国家标准与合理标准参数不一致。目前太原工业学院课桌椅座面高度尺寸符合人体工学，但桌面高度过高，桌面与座面高度差大，容易导致学生坐姿不良，长期使用对脊柱会有影响。且桌面宽度窄，人体胳膊无法舒展，没有足够的学习空间，桌下净空高太低，使用时腿部无法舒展。课桌椅的功能也不十分全面，因此可以考虑适当增加部分功能。 结论 现有的课桌椅国家标准中部分尺寸不符合人体工学，加工生产部门在实际的设计生产和学校选购定制的过程中应该依照现有人体尺寸数据，尽可能保证学生身心的健康发展。

英文摘要:

      The work aims to put forward reasonable standard parameters of desk and chair design by comparing the national standard with the measured human body size, analyze other problems of desks and chairs and propose some sug-gestions for improvement from the perspective of user experience, in order to provide a certain idea for the design and selection of desks and chairs in classrooms in colleges and even primary and secondary schools. The height status of college students could be judged by analyzing the height data of college students and comparing with national standards. Observation method and questionnaire survey method were used to investigate the desks and chairs used by college students and analyze related functional requirements. The standard parameters of desk and chair design were compared with the existing desks and chairs of Taiyuan Institute of Technology as an example. The current national standards of desks and chairs were not consistent with the reasonable standard parameters. At present, the seat height size of desks and chairs in Taiyuan Institute of Technology was in line with ergonomics, however, the excessively high table top height and the large difference between table top and seat height were likely to cause bending posture. The long-term use of such desks and chairs would have an impact on the spine. Moreover, the arms could not stretch and there was not enough learning space due to narrow table top. As the free height under the table was too low, the legs could not be stretched during the use of the table. The function of the desk and chair was not very comprehensive; therefore, some functions could be appropriately added. As part of sizes in the existing national standards of desks and chairs do not conform to the ergonomics, the processing and production departments in the actual design production and school selection customization process should follow the existing human body size data, so as to ensure the healthy development of students’ bodies and minds as far as possible.