人体工学适配设计机制与理念演变

Evolution of Ergonomic Fit Design Mechanism and Concept

中文关键词: 人体工学设计  三维扫描技术  适体设计  适配体验

英文关键词: ergonomic design  3D scanning technology  fit design  fit experience

中文摘要:

      目的 梳理身体作为人类制造工具尺度标准的脉络，探究产品形态从“机械的无机物”到“生动的有机物”和从远离身体到穿戴式发展过程中，形态适配设计机制与理念的演变。方法 将适配设计范式，根据采用的测量手段、设计方法和设计理念的不同，归纳为:思辨和朴素的理性分析阶段;依赖科学分析物理适配的尺寸线性描述、凭借经验生成曲面、复杂身体预测和模拟阶段;在物理适配基础上重视使用活动和情感体验的多层级关系阶段。结论 适配设计各阶段的理论、方法、技术和具体的设计实践密切相关。人体测量、计算机数据处理等相关技术的发展，促进了适配范式的变迁。适配范式的选用根据具体的设计对象、设计情境而决定，未来的适配设计研究将更加综合和丰富。

英文摘要:

      Combing the vein of the body as the standard of human manufacturing tools, this paper explores the evolution of the product form from “mechanical inorganic matter” to “vivid organic matter” and the evolution of the mechanism and concept of shape adaptation design in the development process from the distance from the body to the wearable. According to the different measurement means, design methods and design ideas adopted, the adaptation design paradigm is summarized as:speculative and simple rational analysis stage; linear description of size surface generation based on experience, complex body prediction and simulation stage based on scientific analysis of physical fitness; multilevel relationship stage placing emphasis on the use of activity and emotional experience based on physical adaptation. The theory, method, technique and concrete design practice in each stage of adaptive design are closely related. The development of anthropometry, computer data processing and other related technologies has promoted the change of adaptation paradigm. The selection of adaptation paradigm depends on the specific design object and design context, and the future adaptation design research will be more comprehensive and rich.