图标呈现形式和年龄差异对垃圾分类行为的影响

Effect of Icon Presentation and Age Difference on Waste Sorting Behavior

中文关键词: 图标风格  图文比较  年龄差异  垃圾分类行为

英文关键词: icon style  graphic-text comparison  age difference  waste sorting behavior

中文摘要:

      目的 以垃圾分类图标为研究对象，以图标风格、图文呈现形式和年龄为变量，探讨其对城市居民的视觉搜索效率和图标可读性、易读性的影响。方法 采用重复测量实验，对老年人和年轻人的垃圾分类行为进行眼动客观测量和量表主观测量，验证图标风格、图文呈现形式和年龄对居民垃圾分类行为的影响。结论 图标风格、图文呈现形式和年龄分别显著影响用户的视觉搜索效率。年龄和图标风格对于视觉搜索效率存在部分交互作用，老年人对于拟物图标的视觉搜索效率较高，而年轻人对于扁平图标的视觉搜索效率最高。图标风格、图文呈现形式和年龄分别显著影响用户对于图标的可读性与易读性评价。年龄和图标风格存在交互作用，老年人对于拟物图标的评价较高，而年轻用户对于扁平图标的评价较高。拟物图标更加符合老年人的认知，能提高其垃圾分类的效率;扁平图标更加符合年轻人的认知。另外，年轻人和老年人对于图和图文两种形式的图标，行为表现差异不显著。

英文摘要:

      Taking waste classification icons as the research object, and taking icon style, graphic-text presentation and age as variables, this paper explores the effects of the icons on the visual search efficiency and the readability and legibility of urban residents’ icons. The repeated measurement experimental design was used to objectively measure the waste sorting behavior of the older adults and the young people by eye tracker and subjective measurement, to verify the influence of icon style, graphic-text presentation and age on the waste sorting behavior of residents. The results indicated that icon style, graphic-text presentation, and age all significantly affect users’ visual search efficiency, and there is a partial interaction between age and icon style on the visual search efficiency. Older adults have higher visual search efficiency for quasi-physical icons, while young people have the highest visual search efficiency for flat icons. Icon style, graphic-text presentation, and age all significantly influence users' evaluation on icon readability and legibility. Age and icon style have an interaction effect, and the elderly have a higher evaluation of quasi-physical icon, while the young have a higher evaluation on flat icon. Therefore, the quasi-physical icons are more in line with the cognition of the elderly and can improve their waste sorting efficiency, while the flat icons are more in line with the cognition of the young. There is no significant difference between young people and older adults in the behavior of graphic and graphic-text icons.