设计思维视角下的设计问题复杂性探究

Complexity of Design Problems from the Perspective of Design Thinking

中文关键词: 设计思维  复杂问题  解题理论  工程思维

英文关键词: design thinking  design problems  problem solving theory  engineering thinking

中文摘要:

      目的 提出一种视角来梳理设计问题的复杂性的理论来源和设计思维的内涵与外延，以此为基础来诠释复杂设计问题与设计思维之间的关系。方法 运用文献研究、案例研究、类比分析作为主要的研究方法。首先通过文献研究从历史语境梳理了复杂设计问题和设计思维的理论发展脉络;然后通过案例研究来解释了面对超出任何单一学科认知和资源限制的复杂问题时，设计思维的整合特性和创新特性可以提供更多可能性的解决方案，而这种系统性的解决方案不是某些局部的技术突破所能取代的;最后，通过类比分析，在现实语境中辨析作为人类创造性思维的主要构成形式的科学思维、艺术思维、工程思维和设计思维之间的差异性和关联性，以多维的视角阐述设计思维的跨学科整合和创新特性。结论 综合多视角的观点证明:设计问题的复杂性体现在多学科交叉性和人的行为和感性因素的不确定性两个方面;面对设计问题的复杂性，设计创新实践是一个运用设计思维解决复杂问题的系统过程;设计思维的整合特性为消除学科之间的鸿沟、促进跨学科融合以及定义人的因素的不确定性提供了一种新的路径和方法。

英文摘要:

      This paper puts forward a perspective to sort out the theoretical source of the complexity of design problems and the connotation and extension of design thinking, and on this basis to interpret the relationship between complex design problems and design thinking. Literature research, case studies, and analogy analysis methods are used for research analysis. First of all, by using the method of literature research, the development context between the complex design problem and the theory of design thinking is sorted out from the historical context. Then, through the case study, it explains that the integration and innovation features of design thinking can provide more possible solutions when faced with complex problems beyond the cognitive and resource constraints of any single discipline, and this systematic solution cannot be replaced by some local technological breakthroughs. In the end, by using the method of analogy analysis, the differences and correlations among scientific thinking, artistic thinking, engineering thinking, and design thinking, which are the main forms of human creative thinking, are analyzed in the real context. The interdisciplinary integration and innovation characteristics of design thinking are expounded from a multi-dimensional perspective. According to the viewpoint of comprehensive and multi-perspective, it is proved that the complexity of design problem is reflected in two aspects:one is the interdisciplinary nature, the other is the uncertainty of human behavior and perceptual factors; in the face of the complexity of design problems, design innovation practice is a systematic process to solve complex problems by using design thinking. The integration characteristics of design thinking provide a new path and method for eliminating the gap between disciplines, promoting interdisciplinary integration, and defining uncertainty of human factors.