学前期儿童课桌椅尺寸研究

The Dimensions of Desks and Chairs for Children in Preschool

中文关键词: 人体测量学  幼儿园大班  桌椅  尺寸

英文关键词: anthropometry  upper kindergarten  desks and chairs  dimensions

中文摘要:

      目的 以儿童家具市场缺乏对学龄前儿童不同年龄层次生理及心理差异的认知为背景，研究适合于幼儿园大班儿童的教室桌椅尺寸。方法 运用调查法、比较分析法等科学研究方法，收集了中国5岁儿童的坐姿肩高、坐姿肘高、腘高、大腿厚度、臀部宽度、臀—腘长度等的主要人体测量学信息，引用学生身体尺寸与学校家具之间的匹配方程式，运算得出幼儿园大班教室桌椅的坐高、坐深、坐宽、靠背上边缘高、座—桌间隙高、座—桌面高6种主要功能尺寸的推荐尺度范围，并将推荐尺寸与现有桌椅尺寸进行对比。结论 分析了现有桌椅普遍存在坐高过高、坐深过深、坐宽不足、座—桌面高度过高，且靠背高度随意性大等问题，这些问题已对儿童身体健康造成了负面影响。本研究的研究结果为家具制造商及设计师提供了数据参考，让儿童家具设计更加科学合理。

英文摘要:

      In order to study the dimensions of classroom desks and chairs suitable for kindergarten children based on the lack of awareness of the physiological and psychological differences of preschool children at different age levels in the children’s furniture market, the scientific research methods such as survey method and comparative analysis method were used, the main anthropometric information of Chinese 5-year-old children in shoulder height, elbow height sitting, popliteal height, thigh thickness, hip width, and buttock popliteal length was collected to quote the matching equation between student body dimensions and school furniture. And then the recommended dimensions ranges of six main functional dimensions:seat height, seat depth, seat width, upper edge of backrest, seat to desk clearance, and seat to desk height were calculated, the recommended dimensions were compared with the existing furniture dimension. The existing furniture has the problems of too high seat height, too deep seat depth, insufficient seat width, too high seat-to-desk height, and high randomness of the backrest height, which have negatively affected children’s physical health. The results of this study provide data references for furniture manufacturers and designers to make children’s furniture design more scientific and reasonable.