基于老年用户感知能力的人机界面视觉匹配研究

Visual Human Machine Interface Matching on Perception Ability of Elderly Users

中文关键词: 人机界面  老年用户  适老化开发  视觉图标匹配  感知能力梯度

英文关键词: interface  elderly users  suitable for aging development  visual icon matching  construction of perceptual ability gradient

中文摘要:

      目的 构建老年用户感知能力梯度，在人机界面交互过程中确定老年用户视觉匹配范围，帮助老年用户准确识别用户界面信息，给研发设计人员提供适老化改造的参数依据。方法 老年用户在识别界面信息时往往会受到尺寸和数量的影响。通过控制变量“图表尺寸”和“图表大小””，测试老年用户在25种组合下对页面信息的辨识和搜集能力，并提出综合绩效指标GP。结果 综合老年用户反应时长和正确率，老年用户在人机交互过程中摘取信息时，图标间距小于图标尺寸2倍距离的情况下，边长为32~48 px的图标，老年用户的反应时长较短;边长低于32 px的图标，老年用户的反应时间会有所增加;边长高于48 px，受图标间距影响较大;老年用户的视觉搜索能力与图标尺寸呈正相关联系;当图标间距尺寸大于图标尺寸1倍时，GP会在图标尺寸边长大于40 px的情况下呈下降趋势。结论 兼顾老年用户生理等实际因素，以优化人机界面、提高老年用户识别准确率为前提，建议界面设计要素要以图标尺寸和图标间距为重点要素，其中图标尺寸应不低于32 px，最优范围区间为32~48 px，图标间距应不超过2倍距，最优范围区间为1~2倍。

英文摘要:

      The paper aims to construct the gradient of the perception ability of elderly users, determine the visual matching range of elderly users in the process of human-computer interface interaction, help elderly users accurately identify user interface information, and provide R&D designers with a parameter basis for aging modification. Older users are often affected by size and quantity when recognizing interface information. By controlling the variables "chart size" and "chart spacing", the elderly's ability to identify and collect page information under 25 combinations is tested, and a comprehensive performance index GP is proposed. Combined with the response time and accuracy of the elderly, when elderly users extract information during human-computer interaction, 1) when the icon spacing is less than twice the distance of the icon size, the side length of the icon is 32 px-48 px, the elderly’s response time shorter; the reaction time will be longer if the side length is less than 32 px; the side length higher than 48 px will be greatly affected by the icon spacing; 2) The visual search ability of the elderly will increase as the icon size increases, and the accuracy rate will increase; 3) When the icon spacing size is greater than 1 times the icon size, GP will show a downward trend when the icon size side length is greater than 40 px. Taking into account the physiological factors of elderly users and other physiological factors, in order to optimize the human-computer interface and improve the recognition accuracy of elderly users, it is recommended that the interface design elements should focus on icon size and icon spacing, and the icon size should not be less than 32 px. The optimal range is 32 px-48 px, the icon spacing should not exceed twice the spacing, and the optimal range is 1 to 2 times.