基于WSR的塔机驾驶室空间布局优化设计研究

Optimized Spatial Layout Design of Tower Crane Cab Based on WSR

中文关键词: 塔机驾驶室  人机工程  布局设计  WSR方法

英文关键词: tower crane cab  ergonomics  layout design  WSR methodology

中文摘要:

      目的 为提高现有塔机驾驶室布局的工作效率和舒适性，提出塔机驾驶室布局优化设计方案。方法 采用WSR方法，从物–事–人三个维度系统梳理各部分要素之间的关联性，在物理层面将驾驶室划分为操作视野区、控制区、生活区，在事理层面将驾驶员的行为流程划分为工作行为和生活行为，在人理层面将驾驶员的需求划分为生理需求和心理需求，剖析每个层面的问题，提出设计要点，建立塔机驾驶室空间布局优化设计方案。最后，采用JACK人机仿真方法，对驾驶视野可视性、驾驶员坐姿上肢可达性、驾驶员的操纵姿势舒适性三方面验证人机因素合理性;使用量表评分调查驾驶室空间布局设计方案的满意度评价。结论 通过物理、事理、人理三个维度详细全面的分析，得出塔机驾驶室布局优化设计要点，对现有塔机驾驶室的空间布局要素合理划分和优化设计，使其空间得到有效利用，进一步提升驾驶员的易操作性、舒适性、流畅性。验证了WSR方法对塔机驾驶室空间布局设计分析是有效的分析方法，为相关设计分析提供一定参考。

英文摘要:

      The work aims to improve the efficiency and comfort of the existing tower crane cab layout, and propose an optimal design scheme of tower crane cab layout. WSR method was adopted to systematically comb the correlation between various elements from the three dimensions of matter, practical and people. On the matter level, the cab was divided into operating vision area, control area and living area. On the practical level, the driver's behavior process was divided into working behavior and living behavior. On the human level, the driver's needs were divided into physiological needs and psychological needs. The problems at each level were analyzed. The design key points were put forward. The tower crane cab spatial layout optimization design scheme was established. Finally, JACK man-machine simulation method was adopted to verify the rationality of man-machine factors in three aspects:the visibility of driving view field, the accessibility of the upper limbs of the driver's sitting position and the comfort of the driver's control posture. The satisfaction evaluation of cab spatial layout design scheme was investigated with scale scoring. Through detailed and comprehensive analysis of the three levels of matter, practical and people, the main points of the optimized layout design of tower crane cab are obtained, and the spatial layout elements of the existing tower crane cab are reasonably divided and optimized, so as to make effective use of its space and further improve the operator's ease of operation, comfort and fluency. It is verified that WSR method is an effective analysis method for the spatial layout design of tower crane cab, which provides a certain reference for relevant design analysis.