陕西皮影多维认知差异NVivo质性研究与发展路径构建

Multidimensional Cognitive Differences NVivo Qualitative Research and Development Path Construction of Shaanxi Shadow Puppets

中文关键词: 皮影  发展路径  质性研究  认知差异  非遗传承

英文关键词: shadow puppets  development path  qualitative research  cognitive differences  intangible cultural heritage

中文摘要:

      目的 通过访谈研究者、皮影工作者和游客三个皮影产业发展过程中的主要参与者，对其认知差异和需求进行探识，了解和平衡三者的认知差异，为传承陕西皮影，制定合理可行的发展路径和政策提供科学依据，达到精准施策的作用。方法 运用访谈法对三个群体进行半结构化的访谈。以扎根理论思想为指导，利用NVivo12软件作为研究分析工具，完成90份访谈资料的内容编码与质性分析。结论 三者的认知差异可归纳为发展情绪、生存状况、政策影响和关注内容4个维度，认知和利益追求存在显著差异。研究者与艺人的成果贡献不能互惠互利、相互支撑，并与游客的现实需求不匹配。传承人与传承群体间得到的社会关注度和支持力度差距大，未能发挥集体存在价值。最后以分析结果为依据，构建了“一引六维”的发展路径，提出了“活化”设计视角可围绕皮影的基础生产工具、设备、设施和文创产品展开，并结合国家“双减”教育背景，指出未来皮影认知教育从体验感受走向职业化成为可能。

英文摘要:

      The work aims to interview three main participants in the development process of shadow puppets industry, namely researchers, shadow workers and tourists, explore and recognize their cognitive differences and needs, and understand and balance the cognitive differences among the three, in order to provide a scientific basis for formulating reasonable and feasible development paths and policies to inherit Shaanxi shadow puppets, and achieve the effect of precise policy-making. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the three groups through the interview method. Guided by the idea of rooting theory, content coding and qualitative analysis of 90 interviews were completed with NVivo12 software as a research and analysis tool. The cognitive differences among the three can be categorized into four dimensions:developmental emotion, survival status, policy implications, and content concerns. There are significant differences in cognition and interest pursuit. The outcome contributions of researchers and artists could not be mutually beneficial, mutually supportive, and mismatched with the realization needs of tourists. The gap between the social attention and support received by the heir and the heritage group is large, and fails to bring into play the value of collective existence. Finally, based on the analysis results, a development path of "one guide and six dimensions" is constructed with the proposing that the perspective of the "activation" design can be developed around the basic production tools, equipment, facilities and cultural and creative products of shadow puppets, and that the future shadow puppet cognitive education is possible from experience to professionalization in the context of the national "double alleviation" education.