认知视角下信息权重的可视化设计研究

Visualization Design of Information Weight from the Cognitive Perspective

中文关键词: 信息可视化  信息权重  认知速度  认知偏好

英文关键词: information visualization  information weight  cognitive speed  cognitive bias

中文摘要:

      目的 在信息化社会中，信息能否被阅读与认知，成为判断一款信息产品是否可行的关键因素。如何提升用户的阅读速度、加快用户对信息的认知效率是本研究的主要目标。方法 首先基于信息加工与信息选择模型，分析信息权重与信息呈现结构的关系;然后研究人在信息处理过程中的认知特性，探究人类理解信息的时候，可视化形式表达的信息权重与人类自身的认知能力之间的影响关系;最后以机场信息化场景中航班信息动态屏为研究对象，通过改变航班各类信息的显示比例和显示顺序，对不同年龄段旅客进行视觉信息的搜寻实验。通过相关性分析、方差分析和显著性差异法，分析两组年龄段旅客面对四类航班信息可视化的平均反应差值。结果 用户的年龄范围、信息的呈现结构会影响用户理解经过可视化的信息。结论 提升信息可视化视觉效率的原则:通过改变信息视觉表征方式，如信息的呈现顺序和显示比例，重组信息接收者获取信息的心理结构，以达到加快信息接收者决策速度的目的;根据信息接收者的固有经验进行可视化权重设置，避免信息的可视化结构与接收者的认知形成较大偏差。

英文摘要:

      In the information society, whether information can be read and cognized becomes the key factor to judge whether an information product is feasible. How to improve the reading speed of users and speed up the efficiency of their cognition of information is the main goal of this study. Firstly, based on the information processing and information selection model, the relationship between information weight and information display structure was examined. Then, the cognitive characteristics of human in the process of information processing were investigated and the influence relationship between the information weight expressed in visual form and human's own cognitive ability in understanding information was explored. Finally, with the flight dynamic electronic screen in the airport information scene as the research object, the search experiment of visual information for passengers of various ages was conducted by altering the display proportion and display order of all sorts of flight information. The average response difference of passengers in two age groups to four different forms of flight information visualization was then examined through correlation analysis, variance analysis, and significant difference method. The age range of the user and the structure of the information presented affected the user's understanding of the information that had been visualized. The principle of improving the visual efficiency of information visualization includes:By changing the visual representation of information, such as the presentation order and display ratio of information, restructuring the mental structure of the information receiver to obtain information, the purpose of speeding up their decision-making can be achieved; and visualization weights are set according to the inherent experience of information receivers to avoid large deviations between the visual structure of information and receivers' cognition.