“势中见理”——宋代交椅的风雅变迁

Folding Chairs in the Song Dynasty

中文关键词: 宋代理学  交椅形制  变迁  势中见理  造物思维

英文关键词: Song Dynasty Neo-Confucianism  folding chair shape and structure  evolution  Perceiving the Reason in the Situation  creation thinking

中文摘要:

      目的 站在宋代设计思维方式的研究角度，以理势思想中的“势中见理”关系为研究脉络，对宋代交椅形制的变迁进行了深入分析，旨在揭示宋代社会、文化、艺术的发展轨迹，探索传统思想下的宋代美学设计思维。同时为家具史研究、艺术史研究和文化遗产保护提供有益的参考和借鉴。方法 采用历史文献研究、文化分析和比较研究的方法，一方面，梳理了宋代交椅的演变过程及发展趋势，以交椅的式样、造型、风格、构件为切入点，对宋代交椅形制进行了详尽研究;另一方面，从坐姿、礼制、架势、工巧的角度分析了交椅在使用、等级、表现、技法上所呈现的变迁之“势”。结论 在文人士大夫自主意识较强的时代氛围下，统治阶级的观念、文人阶层的审美、市民群众的实用、梓人群体的技艺，四者结合构成了宋代交椅“经世致用”“托物言志”“道本器末”“尚巧达善”的审美造物思维方式。

英文摘要:

      From the perspective of the research of design thinking mode in the Song Dynasty and with the relationship of "Perceiving the Reason in the Situation" within the Li-Shi ideology as the research context, the work aims to reveal the development trajectory of society, culture and art in the Song Dynasty and explore the aesthetic design thinking under the traditional thinking in the Song Dynasty by deeply analyzing the evolution of the folding chairs and additionally provide beneficial reference for furniture history research, art history research and cultural heritage protection. Through historical literature research, cultural analysis and comparative research, on the one hand, the evolution process and development trend of the folding chairs in the Song Dynasty were combed. With the form, shape, style and components of the folding chairs as the starting point, the shape of the folding chairs in the Song Dynasty was studied in detail. On the other hand, from the perspectives of sitting position, etiquette, posture, and craftsmanship, the "Situation" of changes in use, rank, performance, and technique of the folding chairs was analyzed. In an era characterized by the strong autonomous consciousness of literati and scholars, the aesthetic design thinking behind the folding chairs in the Song Dynasty emerges from the amalgamation of the ruling class's ideologies, the aesthetic preferences of the literati class, the practical needs of the citizenry, and the technical skills of craftsmen. These four elements collectively shape the aesthetic creation mindset of the folding chairs in the Song Dynasty, characterized by their emphasis on practicality , expressive symbolism , adherence to philosophical principles , and pursuit of exquisite craftsmanship .