卧床老年人二便智能照护研究的范围综述

Research Scope Review on Intelligent Care for Bedridden Elderly People's Urinary and Defecation

中文关键词: 卧床  老年  二便  智能  照护  范围综述

英文关键词: bedridden  elderly  urinary and defecation  intelligence care  scope review

中文摘要:

      目的 旨在梳理智能照护系统在卧床老年人二便照护的应用现状、效果和存在的不足，为多学科解决卧床老年人二便智能照护问题提供参考。方法 以范围综述方法为框架，确定研究问题，系统检索PubMed、Embase、CINAHL、Web of Science、Scopus、Cochrane Library、Ovid、中国生物医学文献数据库、中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库中有关卧床老年人二便智能照护的文献，检索时限为建库至2024年3月，根据纳入和排除标准筛选文献，对纳入文献进行资料提取，收集、总结和报告研究结果。结果 纳入39篇文献。卧床老年人二便智能照护包括智能护理床和智能护理机器人、智能监测技术、智能系统3个方面，功能逐步完善和智能化，使用场景以医院、居家、养老院或疗养院居多。研究涉及专业包括机械类、电气类、护理学类、生物医学工程类、电子信息类、计算机类、临床医学类、公共卫生与预防医学类、自动化类、心理学类、管理科学与工程类，显示其跨学科的研究特性。二便智能照护技术可减轻照护者负担，提高卧床老年人的生活质量，然而其应用面对技术、功能、设计、伦理、隐私多方面挑战。结论 未来应攻克技术难题，增加二便能力评估和个性化康复训练处方功能，设计更符合人体结构、美观、关注伦理和隐私的智能装备，加强多学科交叉合作，同时进行临床验证。

英文摘要:

      The work aims to systematically examine the current status, effectiveness, and limitations of intelligent care systems for managing urinary and defecation needs in bedridden elderly people, providing reference for addressing these challenges by multidisciplinary insights. With the scope review as the framework, the research questions were determined and the literature related to the intelligent care for bedridden elderly people's urinary and defecation was searched from databases including PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Ovid, SinoMed, CNKI, Wanfang Database, and VIP. The literature published up to March 2024 was considered and screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Relevant data in the included literature were extracted, collected, summarized, and reported. 39 documents were included in the review. The intelligent care for bedridden elderly people encompassed intelligent nursing beds and robots, intelligent monitoring technologies and intelligent systems which were gradually improved and intelligent in functions and mainly applied in hospitals, homes, and nursing homes or sanatoriums. The disciplines involved included mechanical and electrical engineering, nursing, biomedical engineering, electronic information technology, computer science, clinical medicine, public health and preventive medicine, automation, psychology, and management science and engineering, illustrating the interdisciplinary nature of this research area. Intelligent care technologies for managing urinary and defecation could significantly alleviate the burden on caregivers and enhance the quality of life for bedridden elderly people. However, the application of these technologies faced challenges related to technology, functions, design, ethics, and privacy. Future research should focus on overcoming these technical challenges, enhancing capabilities for defecation ability assessment and personalized rehabilitation training prescriptions, designing equipment that better suits human anatomy, and is aesthetically pleasing while considering ethical and privacy concerns and strengthening interdisciplinary cooperation and conducting clinical validations.