基于RAHP-FKM-QFD模型的家用厨余垃圾堆肥机设计研究

Design and Research of Household Kitchen Waste Composter Based on RAHP-FKM-QFD Model

中文关键词: 厨余垃圾堆肥机  用户需求  粗糙层次分析法  模糊卡诺模型  质量功能展开

英文关键词: kitchen waste composter  user needs  rough analytic hierarchy process  fuzzy Kano model  quality function deployment

中文摘要:

      目的 为了降低用户需求重要度确定过程中的主观性，并融合用户满意度意见，构建了基于RAHP-FKM-QFD模型的用户需求分析框架，以提升设计分析过程的客观性和合理性，设计出符合用户期望的家用厨余垃圾堆肥机。方法 首先通过用户访谈的方式收集有关家用厨余垃圾堆肥机的需求，再经过亲和图法构建用户需求层级模型;紧接着运用粗糙层次分析法(RAHP)确定用户需求重要度，同时考虑到用户需求属性类别携带着用户满意度的意见信息，能为设计提供更加全面的分析视角，故利用模糊卡诺模型(FKM)对用户需求属性类别进行划分，并引入重要度调整函数，对用户需求重要度进行调整;然后借助质量功能展开(QFD)实现用户需求向设计要求的映射过程，指导完成家用厨余垃圾堆肥机的方案设计;最后通过用户评分验证设计方案。结论 设计方案得到了用户的认可，达到了用户的期望，说明构建的RAHP-FKM-QFD模型能较好地实现用户需求的合理分析与转化，以及用户满意度意见的有效融合，提升了用户需求分析与转化过程的客观性和全面性，同时也为相关设计人员在进行用户需求分析时提供了一种新的思路。

英文摘要:

      In order to reduce the subjectivity in the process of determining the importance of user needs and integrate user satisfaction opinions, the work aims to construct a user need analysis framework based on the RAHP/FKM/QFD model to enhance the objectivity and rationality of the design analysis process and design a household kitchen waste composter that meets user expectations. Firstly, the needs for household kitchen waste composter were collected through user interviews. Then, a hierarchical model of user needs was constructed by the affinity graph method. Next, the importance of user needs was determined by the Rough Analytic Hierarchy Process (RAHP). At the same time, considering that user need attribute categories carried feedback information on user satisfaction, it could provide a more comprehensive analysis perspective for design. Therefore, the fuzzy Kano model (FKM) was used to classify user need attribute categories, and an importance adjustment function was introduced to adjust the importance of user need. Then, the quality function deployment (QFD) was used to achieve the mapping process from user need to design requirements, guiding the completion of the scheme design of a household kitchen waste composter. Finally, the design scheme was verified through user ratings. The design scheme has been recognized by users and meets their expectations, indicating that the constructed RAHP-FKM-QFD model can effectively achieve the reasonable analysis and transformation of user needs, as well as the effective integration of user satisfaction opinions. This enhances the objectivity and comprehensiveness of the user need analysis and transformation process, and also provides a new approach for relevant designers to conduct user need analysis.