民国时期儿童科普读物视觉设计问题与启示

Visual Design Issues and Insights in Children's Popular Science Literature during the Republic of China Era

中文关键词: 民国时期  科普读物  视觉设计  设计特征  观念转变

英文关键词: Republic of China era  popular science literature  visual design  design features  conceptual shift

中文摘要:

      目的 探究民国时期儿童科普读物在当时社会场域中，如何通过视觉设计达到儿童的科普教育与“新民”培养使命，以期这种设计经验为当下儿童科普读物提供宝贵镜鉴。方法 通过回归当时语境，对儿童科普杂志视觉与精英人士论述原始材料进行统计分类，借用场域与接受美学理论对儿童科普读物中的视觉问题进行研究。结果 在民国时期社会场域中，儿童科普读物通过童趣视觉美学构成了读物的召唤结构、满足了儿童的“期待视域”与“审美经验”，并为儿童植入新一代公民意识与深沉的救国使命，使之成为被建构的结构。儿童也在这一时期伴随近现代物质、制度层面的转变而被发现和塑造，养成新的科学惯习，最终共同建构了救国论叙事。结论 儿童科普读物的视觉转变，其本质上是受到精英人士提倡的兴趣观、平等观、救国观，以及未来新民培养的国家资本所推动，是国家为改变被动局面而主动进行的一场观念变革。

英文摘要:

      The work aims to explore how children's popular science literature during the Republic of China era used visual design within the social field to fulfill the dual missions of scientific education for children and the cultivation of "New Citizens", so as to provide valuable lessons from these design experiences for contemporary children's popular science literature. By returning to the historical context, this research categorized and analyzed primary materials from children's popular science magazines, focusing on visual elements and elite discourse. It employed field theory and reception aesthetics to examine visual issues in children's popular science literature. Within the social field of the Republic of China era, children's popular science literature developed an appeal structure through playful visual aesthetics, satisfying children's "horizon of expectations" and "aesthetic experiences." These works embedded the consciousness of a new generation of citizens and a profound mission of national salvation within children, constructing these ideas as part of their identities. During this period, children, influenced by the evolving material and institutional changes of the modern era, were also shaped and discovered, forming new scientific habits. Together, they contributed to the narrative of national salvation. In conclusion, the visual transformation in children's popular science literature was fundamentally driven by the national capital of interest, egalitarianism, national salvation, and the cultivation of future citizens, as advocated by elite figures. It represents a conceptual revolution initiated by the state to proactively change the passive situation.