用户需求驱动下的老年人电动汽车研究及设计验证

User Needs-driven Research and Design Validation of Electric Vehicles for the Elderly

中文关键词: 适老化  电动汽车  Kano模型  层次分析法  模糊综合评价法

英文关键词: elderly-oriented  electric vehicles  Kano model  AHP  fuzzy comprehensive evaluation

中文摘要:

      目的 为了科学地获取老年人电动汽车的需求，并准确划分需求类型及优先级排序，构建一种融合KJ-Kano-AHP与模糊综合评价的设计模型，从而确保电动汽车设计方案符合老年用户的需求，提升用户的满意度。方法 通过非结构性访谈收集了老年用户的多维度需求，采用Kano模型将这些需求分为必备属性、期望属性、魅力属性和无差异属性，以明确其相对重要性。运用AHP方法计算了不同需求的权重，进一步了解老年用户对各属性的关注程度。结果 基于这些权重，设计了3种不同的方案，用模糊综合评价的方法，对产品设计、用户体验和情感需求进行考虑，验证方案可行性，选择出最佳方案，以满足老年用户对电动汽车设计的期望。结论 基于用户需求的KJ-Kano-AHP与模糊综合评价模型科学分析老年用户需求，计算设计因素权重，并客观评价设计方案，有效提升了老年电动汽车创新设计的客观性与严谨性，可为同类汽车设计提供参考借鉴思路。

英文摘要:

      The work aims to propose a design model that integrates KJ-Kano-AHP with fuzzy comprehensive evaluation to scientifically elicit the requirements of electric vehicles for the elderly and accurately categorize the types of requirements as well as prioritize them, so as to ensure that electric vehicle design solutions meet the needs of elderly users and enhance user satisfaction. Initially, multidimensional needs of elderly users were collected through unstructured interviews. Subsequently, the Kano model was employed to categorize these needs into basic, performance, excitement, and indifferent attributes, elucidating their relative importance. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was then applied to calculate the weights of different needs to better understand the degree of emphasis placed by elderly users on each attribute. Finally, based on these weights, three distinct design schemes were developed. By fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, product design, user experience, and emotional needs were taken into consideration, the feasibility of these schemes was assessed, and the optimal solution was selected to meet the design expectations of elderly users for electric vehicles. KJ-Kano-AHP and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model based on user needs scientifically analyzes the needs of elderly users, calculates the weight of design factors, and objectively evaluates the design scheme, which effectively improves the objectivity and rigor of the innovative design of elderly electric vehicles, and can provide reference for the design of similar vehicles.