面向公路隧道火灾事故的应急装备设计研究

Design of Emergency Equipment for Fire Accidents in Highway Tunnels

中文关键词: 公路隧道火灾  应急装备设计  FTA  AHP  TRIZ

英文关键词: highway tunnel fire  emergency equipment design  FTA  AHP  TRIZ

中文摘要:

      目的 为了减少公路隧道火灾事故造成的人员伤亡和财产损失，提高应急救援的协同和处理能力，提出一种面向公路隧道火灾事故的应急装备设计方法。方法 构建集成事故树分析(FTA)、层次分析法(AHP)和发明问题解决理论(TRIZ)的设计流程，指导公路隧道火灾应急装备设计，整理分析历年公路隧道火灾事故以建立事故树模型;利用AHP建立层次分析模型，计算各层风险指标权重并进行排序;再应用TRIZ理论开展问题定义和矛盾分析，形成概念设计方案并进行功能延展;最后开展公路隧道火灾应急装备的设计实践，并验证设计方案的可用性。结论 通过FTA-AHP-TRIZ设计流程，客观、科学地确定各基本事件以及其权重排序，确保功能转化具备逻辑性和系统性，为应急装备设计提供新的思路。

英文摘要:

      The work aims to propose an emergency equipment design method for highway tunnel fire accidents, so as to reduce the casualties and property losses caused by highway tunnel fire accidents, and improve the synergy and handling capacity of emergency rescue. An integrated design process incorporating Fault Tree Analysis (FTA), Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), and Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ) was established to guide the design of emergency equipment for highway tunnel fires. Highway tunnel fire accidents over the years were compiled and analyzed to establish a fault tree model. AHP was applied to construct an analytic hierarchy model, calculate the weights of risk indicators at each level, and then rank them. Subsequently the TRIZ theory was applied to define problems and conduct contradiction analysis, leading to the formation of conceptual design schemes and extension of functionality. Lastly, the design practice was conducted for emergency equipment for highway tunnel fires and the usability of the design scheme was verified. Through the FTA-AHP-TRIZ design process, it objectively and scientifically determines each basic event and its weighted ordering, ensures that the functional transformation has logic and systematic, and provides new ideas for design of emergency equipment.