鄂温克族桦皮船构造设计研究

Structural Design of Ewenki Birch-skin Boat

中文关键词: 鄂温克族  桦皮船  构造  设计  船具

英文关键词: Ewenki  birch-skin boat  structure  design  ship tools

中文摘要:

      目的 以三少民族传统民艺代表——鄂温克族桦皮船为突破口，以求上溯古人类迁徙飘零的游猎与渔猎生活，下延现当代渔业发展和船具设计，从而达到鉴古通今、择良而传的目的。方法 根据人类学和考古学研究的依据，参考鄂伦春族与赫哲族的船具记载，抓住鄂温克族社会历史的脉络，沿着桦皮船途径的流变，以图文互证结合田野调研，从甄优录精之标准、抱朴含真之法则，以及顺天致性之理念等角度进行工艺文化解读。结果 从历时的角度观桦皮船，其如明镜映射出原始社会末期古人类生活的渔猎侧面，体现了中国舟楫传承的流变与其中朴素高超的造物理念。从共时的角度赏桦皮船，其设计思想、船具性能与际遇用途较之同时期的船具都独树一帜。结论 鄂温克族桦皮船于原始山林渔猎之地应运而生，带有本源文化的属性与特征，在卓越传统工艺和优秀传统文化传承的大背景下对现代船具用具的设计思路与制造方法都有很大的启发。

英文摘要:

      The work aims to trace back the hunting and fishing life of the ancient people who migrated and drifted away with the birch-skin boat of Ewenki ethnic group, the representative of traditional folk art of three minorities, as a breakthrough, and extend the development of the modern fishery and the design of the boat, so as to achieve the purpose of identifying the past and the present and selecting the best to be passed on. According to the basis of anthropological and archaeological research, referring to the records of boats of Oroqen and Hezhe, grasping the social history of Ewenki, following the change of birch-skin boats, combining the field research with the graphic and textual evidence, the craft culture was interpreted from the perspective of the criterion of selecting excellence, holding the simple and truthful law, and the concept of following the nature of the sky. Viewing the birch-skin boat from the perspective of time, it reflects the fishing and hunting side of ancient human life at the end of the primitive society, and the change of Chinese oar inheritance and the simple and superb concepts of making things. Appreciating the birch-skin boat from the perspective of common time, its design idea, performance of the boat and the use of the encounter are unique compared with those of the same period. The Ewenki birch-skin boat is born in the primitive mountain forest fishing and hunting place, with the attributes and characteristics of the original culture, which is a great inspiration to the design ideas and manufacturing methods of the modern boats in the context of the excellent traditional craft and the inheritance of the excellent traditional culture.