中日传统锯作工具对比研究

Comparative Research of Traditional Chinese and Japanese Saws

中文关键词: 传统木作  框锯  日本锯  双刃锯

英文关键词: traditional woodworking  frame-saw  Japanese saw  double-edged saw

中文摘要:

      目的 以中日两国传统锯作工具为研究对象，详细剖析了中式框锯与日式前挽锯、单刃锯和双刃锯的关联及差异，探讨两国锯形设计优缺点，旨在为框锯的现代化改进提供一定参考，为中国传统木作工具的活态保护及可持续发展提供理论依据。方法 以文献调查、案例剖析、功能解析、对比分析为手段，阐释中日传统锯作工具的历史演进关系，系统比较两国传统锯作工具在锯身结构、齿形结构、使用方式、加工性能五个方面的异同。结论 比较发现，锯身结构方面中日两国分别以“框架式”和“刀柄式”为主要结构形式;齿形结构上日本传统锯锯齿的楔角更小，且排列上具有前大后小前疏后密的特点;操作上中日分别以“推锯”和“拉锯”为主流;修锯方面，传统框锯易调修，日本锯因涉及锯身调整对综合技术要求更高;框锯锯割效率高，加工表面精度低于双刃锯。

英文摘要:

      In order to provide certain reference for the modern improvement of the frame-saw, and provide theoretical basis for the living protection and sustainable development of traditional Chinese woodworking tools, the work aims to take the traditional saws of China and Japan as the research object, to analyze the relationship and differences between the Chinese frame-saw and the Japanese front-pull saw, single-edged saw and double-edged saw in detail and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of saw design in the two countries. By means of literature survey, case analysis, functional analysis, and comparative analysis, the historical evolution relationship between Chinese and Japanese traditional saws was explained, and the traditional saws of the two countries were systematically compared from the five aspects of saw body structure, tooth structure, operation method and processing performance. According to the comparison results, in terms of the structure of the saw body, China and Japan use "frame-type" and "knife-handle" as the main structural forms respectively. In terms of tooth structure, the wedge angle of the traditional Japanese saw teeth is smaller, and the arrangement has the characteristics of being larger and sparser in the front, smaller and denser in the back. In terms of operation, "push-saw" and "pull-saw" are the mainstream in China and Japan respectively. In terms of saw repair, the traditional frame saw is easier to adjust and repair, while the comprehensive technical requirements of Japanese saw are higher due to the adjustment and repair of the saw body. The frame-saw has high cutting efficiency, but the machining surface accuracy is lower than that of double-edged saw.